Is it that PA from the comfrey leaves can leach into the compost?
Yes they can Do they persist in soil? yes for 3-4 years
Does heat destroy them? unknown
I use comfrey leaves not so much in my compost as to make a fertilizer in a 50 gallon water (with a bubbler to ward off anaerobes) and let that macerate for a month before watering my fruit trees and berry bushes. My understanding was that most PA were in the roots.
Incorrect, the roots have more,but there is still quite bit in the leaves, so the fruits and berries will contain PA's.
Also, can you use cardoon leaves in lieu of artichoke leaves as a choleric? Do they have similar properties?
Yes they are basically the same plant, so yes they can be used similarly.